How To Use Collections with Generics
The Jakarta Commons-Collections
User's Guide
explains how to use the collections. These tutorial will demonstrate how to upgrade your code to use generics with
those collections.
Consider a situation where we want to store the results of a marathon.
For each runner's name, we want to be able to efficiently look up their ranking in the race.
Also, for each ranking, we want to be able to efficiently look up the name of the runner who finished in that place.
Finally, we would like to be able to view the complete results of the race by ranking or by runner name.
This can be accomplished in the Commons-Collections with an OrderedBidiMap.
Here is how it we would have implemented it with the old collections (with no generics):
public static void tutorialWithoutGenerics() {
// Create the map
OrderedBidiMap map = new TreeBidiMap();
// Populate it with the rankings
map.put(3, "Joe");
map.put(4, "Cathy");
map.put(1, "Anne");
map.put(2, "Jim");
map.put(6, "Bill");
map.put(5, "Wendy");
// Get the winner
String winner = (String)map.get(1);
System.out.println("Winner: " + winner);
// Get Cathy's ranking
Integer ranking = (Integer)map.getKey("Cathy");
System.out.println("Cathy's ranking: " + ranking);
// Show all runners sorted by ranking
{
System.out.println("Runners by ranking:");
OrderedMapIterator iterator = map.orderedMapIterator();
while (iterator.hasNext()) {
iterator.next();
Integer rank = (Integer)iterator.getKey();
String runner = (String)iterator.getValue();
System.out.println(" " + rank + ": " + runner);
}
}
// Invert the map
OrderedBidiMap inverseMap = map.inverseOrderedBidiMap();
// Show all rankings sorted by runner name
{
System.out.println("Ranking by runner name:");
OrderedMapIterator iterator = inverseMap.orderedMapIterator();
while (iterator.hasNext()) {
iterator.next();
String runner = (String)iterator.getKey();
Integer rank = (Integer)iterator.getValue();
System.out.println(" " + runner + "(" + rank + ")");
}
}
}
Now, here is the same code, but with the generics added:
public static void tutorialWithGenerics() {
// Create the map
OrderedBidiMap<Integer, String> map = new TreeBidiMap<Integer, String>();
// Populate it with the rankings
map.put(3, "Joe");
map.put(4, "Cathy");
map.put(1, "Anne");
map.put(2, "Jim");
map.put(6, "Bill");
map.put(5, "Wendy");
// Get the winner
String winner = map.get(1);
System.out.println("Winner: " + winner);
// Get Cathy's ranking
Integer ranking = map.getKey("Cathy");
System.out.println("Cathy's ranking: " + ranking);
// Show all runners sorted by ranking
{
System.out.println("Runners by ranking:");
OrderedMapIterator<Integer, String> iterator = map.orderedMapIterator();
while (iterator.hasNext()) {
iterator.next();
Integer rank = iterator.getKey();
String runner = iterator.getValue();
System.out.println(" " + rank + ": " + runner);
}
}
// Invert the map
OrderedBidiMap<String, Integer> inverseMap = map.inverseOrderedBidiMap();
// Show all rankings sorted by runner name
{
System.out.println("Ranking by runner name:");
OrderedMapIterator<String,Integer> iter = inverseMap.orderedMapIterator();
while (iter.hasNext()) {
iter.next();
String runner = iter.getKey();
Integer rank = iter.getValue();
System.out.println(" " + runner + "(" + rank + ")");
}
}
}
Notice how there are
no casts in the second listing.
The code is also much more clear and understandable.
Incidentally, the result of running the above code is:
Winner: Anne
Cathy's ranking: 4
Runners by ranking:
1: Anne
2: Jim
3: Joe
4: Cathy
5: Wendy
6: Bill
Ranking by runner name:
Anne(1)
Bill(6)
Cathy(4)
Jim(2)
Joe(3)
Wendy(5)
